The correlation between many health conditions and air pollution is less understood, aside from cardiac and respiratory issues, Pfeiffer said.

“Research has associated air pollution with brain changes and increased anxiety and depression. There is also evidence connecting air pollution exposure to increased risk for dementia and schizophrenia,” Pfeiffer said.

Pfeiffer shared steps individuals can take to reduce exposure to harmful air pollutants.

“Poor air quality can harm, but it isn’t a guarantee. There are also many steps you can take to reduce exposure. By checking the Air Quality Index, or using the AirNow app from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, you can discern risks and decide how much time to spend outside."

She also notes that on poor air quality days, individuals should limit their outdoor time when possible and consider using a use high quality surgical mask approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to help filter air.

“Inside, an air filtration system can filter and remove many particulates responsible for indoor air pollution,” said Pfeiffer. “High efficiency filters can be installed within your home heating and cooling system, and portable air purifiers are available. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides guidance on DIY units you can make at home.”

Pfeiffer stressed the importance of tackling air pollution, and how working together can drive change.

“You can join a local, national or even worldwide campaign like the United Nations #ActNow campaign to show your support and learn how to get involved in action steps to fight for climate action and reducing pollutants,” she said.